A Schottky junction is a special case of a p–n junction, where metal serves the role of the n-type semiconductor.
For example, a common type of transistor, the bipolar junction transistor (BJT), consists of two p–n junctions in series, in the form n–p–n or p–n–p while a diode can be made from a single p-n junction. P–n junctions are elementary "building blocks" of semiconductor electronic devices such as diodes, transistors, solar cells, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and integrated circuits they are the active sites where the electronic action of the device takes place. The p- and n-type regions creating the junction are made by doping the semiconductor, for example by ion implantation, diffusion of dopants, or by epitaxy (growing a layer of crystal doped with one type of dopant on top of a layer of crystal doped with another type of dopant). This allows electric current to pass through the junction only in one direction. The "p" (positive) side contains an excess of holes, while the "n" (negative) side contains an excess of electrons in the outer shells of the electrically neutral atoms there. The circuit symbol is shown: the triangle corresponds to the p side.Ī p–n junction is a boundary or interface between two types of semiconductor materials, p-type and n-type, inside a single crystal of semiconductor. See also: p–n diode and Diode § Semiconductor diodes A p–n junction.
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